近日，近千只鸟在向南迁徙的途中，撞上芝加哥麦考密克展览中心的窗户后死亡。
据报道，鸟类在小区域内大量死亡往往发生在春季和秋季的迁徙高峰期。像逆风、雨和雾等天气条件会使鸟类难以辨别方向，此外，城市的光污染也会吸引它们，将它们困在致命的建筑物中。
🤔️小作业：
1. What does the phrase "tip of an iceberg" imply regarding the bird collision incident?
a) It is a minor issue.
b) The issue is more severe than what has been reported.
c) The situation has been exaggerated.
d) It is a once-in-a-lifetime event.
2. Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as contributing to bird collisions?
a) Light pollution
b) Glass structures
c) Pesticides
d) Weather conditions
无注释原文：
At least 1,000 birds died from colliding with one Chicago building in one day
From: The Guardian
At least 1,000 birds died from colliding into a single building in Chicago on Thursday, 5 October, as they migrated south to their wintering grounds. Volunteers are still recovering bird carcasses within 1.5 miles of McCormick Place, the largest convention center in North America, which is largely covered with glass.
“It's the tip of an icebergbut it's it's a huge, huge amount of birds we found both dead and injured,” said Annette Prince, director of Chicago Bird Collision Monitors, adding that this was the highest number of bird strikes that the group recorded from the grounds of one building in a single day.
From late Wednesday, 4 October, through early Thursday, 5 October, a peak estimate of 1.5 million birds were in the air over Cook county, home to the Chicago metropolitan area. Carcasses of Tennessee warblers, hermit thrush, American woodcocks and other varieties of songbirds were recovered.
“Not every bird that hits the window is going to leave behind a body,” said Brendon Samuels, who researches bird window collisions at the University of Western Ontario.
He noted that the true extent of affected birds will unravel over a couple of days as people continue to pick up birds around downtown Chicago.
“In fact, we often see birds collide with glass and they continue flying some distance away, seriously injured in ways that ultimately they won't survive past a few hours,” Samuels added.
Birds dying in large numbers in a small geographic area tends to occur during peak migration periods in spring and fall. Weather conditions like opposing wind, rain and fog can make it difficult for birds to orientate themselves, in addition to light pollution from cities that can draw them in and trap them among deadly structures.
“Anywhere you've got glass, you're gonna have birds hitting the windows,” said Bryan Lenz at the American Bird Conservancy. Annually, up to a billion birds die due to collisions, and in the case of Chicago, the dead and injured birds were most likely flying from Canada en route to South and Central America.
Everywhere birds visit, they perform essential ecosystem services that have economic value and are necessary for the functioning of ecosystems. Following major wildfires like those in Canada, birds that return to burned areas can disperse seeds and aid forest landscape regeneration. Global increases in temperatures contribute to the increase in insect populations, and birds that feed on them can help curb the issues that pose a threat for humans and food systems.
Of all cities in the US, Chicago's light pollution poses the greatest risk for migrating birds. Turning off building lights is one way to reduce fatalities. A 2021 study done in McCormick Place, the same site of Thursday's bird deaths, found that shutting off half the lights in large buildings can reduce collisions by six to 11 times. McCormick Place is a participant of the Lights Out Chicago program, which has buildings voluntarily switch off or dim lights at night unless someone is inside.
“It is important to understand that there is an event going on at Lakeside Center [part of McCormick Place] this week, so, therefore, the lights have been on when occupied. Once the space is unoccupied, the lights have been turned off,” said a representative from McCormick Place.
“It's a known hazard, and yet we still can't see action being taken about it,” says Prince.
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
At least 1,000 birds died from colliding with one Chicago building in one day
From: The Guardian
At least 1,000 birds died fromcollidinginto a single building in Chicago on Thursday, 5 October, as theymigratedsouth to their wintering grounds. Volunteers are still recovering birdcarcasseswithin 1.5 miles of McCormick Place, the largestconventioncenter in North America, which is largely covered with glass.
10月5日星期四，至少有1000只鸟在向南迁徙飞往冬季栖息地的途中，与芝加哥的一栋大楼相撞而死。志愿者仍在麦考密克会展中心（McCormick Place）1.5英里范围内寻找鸟类尸体。麦考密克会展中心是北美最大的会议中心，其主体大部分由玻璃覆盖。
collide
collide /kəˈlaɪd/ 表示“碰撞，相撞”，英文解释为“to hit something or someone that is moving in a different direction from you”举个🌰：Two trains collided head-on (= when they were moving directly towards each other ) . 两辆火车迎头相撞。
collide除了指物理上的碰撞，也可以表示“（不同的观念、想法等）碰撞（而产生有趣结果）”，举个🌰：Istanbul is the place where East and West collide. 伊斯坦布尔是东西方文化交会的地方。
collide还有“（目标、观点或利益等）相抵触；相冲突”的意思，英文解释为“If the aims, opinions, or interests of one person or group collide with those of another person or group, they are very different from each other and are therefore opposed.”举个🌰：The aims of the negotiators in New York again seem likely to collide with the aims of the warriors in the field. 纽约谈判者的目标看起来可能再次与战场上勇士们的目标相冲突。
和collide类似的表达有：
📍crash表示“使…撞毁; 撞毁（撞车，坠机）”，英文解释为“If a moving vehicle crashes or if the driver crashes it, it hits something and is damaged or destroyed.”举个🌰：Her car crashed into the rear of a van. 她的汽车撞毁了一辆面包车的尾部。
crash还表示“（发出巨响）猛撞，猛击”，英文解释为“to hit something or someone extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise”举个🌰：We watched the waves crashing against the rocks. 我们看着海浪哗啦哗啦地冲击岩石。
📍smash表示“（使）猛撞，猛击，猛掷”，英文解释为“to hit an object or surface violently, or to make something do this”举个🌰：A stolen car smashed into the bus. 一辆被偷的汽车猛地撞上了公共汽车。The bottle smashed against a wall. 那瓶子撞到了一面墙上。
smash还表示“打碎; 破碎”，英文解释为“If you smash something or if it smashes, it breaks into many pieces, for example, when it is hit or dropped.”举个🌰：Someone smashed a bottle. 有人打碎了一个瓶子。
migrate
migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/表示“（动物）迁徙，移栖”，英文解释为“When an animal migrates, it travels to a different place, usually when the season changes”
carcass
carcass /ˈkɑːrkəs/ 表示“动物尸体；（尤指供食用的）畜体”，英文解释为“the dead body of an animal, especially of a large one or of one that is ready for cutting up as meat”。
convention
1）表示“大会；会议”，英文解释为“a large formal meeting of people who do a particular job or have a similar interest, or a large meeting for a political party”如：the national Democratic convention 民主党全国大会。
2）表示“（国家或首脑间的）公约，协定，协议”，英文解释为“an official agreement between countries or leaders”如：the Geneva convention 日内瓦公约。
“It'sthe tip of an icebergbut it's it's a huge, huge amount of birds we found both dead and injured,” said Annette Prince, director of Chicago Bird Collision Monitors, adding that this was the highest number of bird strikes that the group recorded from the grounds of one building in a single day.
芝加哥鸟类碰撞监测组织（Chicago Bird Collision Monitors）负责人安妮特·普林斯（Annette Prince）表示：“这只是冰山一角，我们发现了大量死伤的鸟类。”她补充说，这是该组织一天之内在同一栋建筑周边所记录到鸟撞事件的最高数量。
the tip of an iceberg
tip of the iceberg 表示“（重大问题的）冰山一角，端倪，明显的一小部分”，英文解释为“a small, noticeable part of a problem, the total size of which is really much greater”举个🌰：These small problems are just the tip of the iceberg. 这些小问题只是冰山的一角。
📺美剧《国务卿女士》（Madam Secretary）中的台词提到：cyber security is just the tip of the iceberg. 网络安全根本只是问题的冰山一角。
🎬电影《一路到底》（All the Way）中的台词提到：His moral turpitude is just the tip of the iceberg 他的道德沦丧只是冰山一角。
From late Wednesday, 4 October, through early Thursday, 5 October, apeakestimate of 1.5 million birds were in the air over Cook county, home to the Chicagometropolitanarea. Carcasses of Tennessee warblers, hermit thrush, American woodcocks and other varieties ofsongbirdswere recovered.
从10月4日星期三晚上到10月5日星期四早些时候，估计有150万只鸟在芝加哥都市区所在地库克县（Cook county）上空飞行。志愿者们发现了田纳西莺（Tennessee warblers）、隐夜鸫（hermit thrush）、美洲丘鹬（American woodcocks）以及其他种类鸣禽的尸体。
peak
可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“（达到）峰值”，英文解释为“When something peaks, it reaches its highest value or its highest level.”举个🌰：Temperatures have peaked at over 90 degrees. 温度已达到峰值，超过了90度。
metropolitan
metropolitan /ˌmet.rəˈpɒl.ɪ.tən/ 表示“大都市的”，英文解释为“relating to a large city”如：the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York 纽约大都会艺术博物馆，a metropolitan area 大都市区。
songbird
表示“鸣禽”，英文解释为“any of many different types of bird that make musical sounds”
“Not every bird that hits the window is going to leave behind a body,” said Brendon Samuels, who researches bird window collisions at the University of Western Ontario.
西安大略大学（University of Western Ontario）研究鸟类撞窗事件的布兰登·塞缪尔斯（Brendon Samuels）表示：“并非每只撞到窗户的鸟都会留下尸体。”
He noted that the true extent of affected birds willunravelover a couple of days as people continue to pick up birds around downtown Chicago.
他指出，随着人们不断在芝加哥市区捡拾鸟类，受影响鸟类的真实数量将在几天后揭示。
unravel
unravel /ʌnˈræv.əl/ 1）表示“揭开，弄清，阐明（谜团或复杂问题）；被澄清；被解决”，英文解释为“If you unravel a mysterious, unknown, or complicated subject, you make it known or understood, and if it unravels, it becomes known or understood.”举个🌰：We have a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics. 在揭开遗传学之谜前，我们还有很长的路要走。
2）表示“（把布、结或线团）解开；拆散”，英文解释为“If a piece of knitted or woven cloth, a knot, or a mass of thread unravels, it separates into a single thread, and if you unravel it, you separate it into a single thread.”举个🌰：You'd better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel. 你最好把那个洞补上，免得整件毛衣脱线。
3）表示“破坏（成就等）；解体；崩溃；瓦解”，英文解释为“to start to fail or no longer stay together as a whole”举个🌰：As talks between them broke down, several months of careful diplomacy were unravelled. 由于他们之间的会谈破裂，几个月精心策划的外交努力付诸东流。
“In fact, we often see birds collide with glass and they continue flying some distance away, seriously injuredin ways that ultimately they won't survive past a few hours,” Samuels added.
塞缪尔斯补充说：“实际上，我们经常看到鸟类与玻璃相撞后，它们会继续飞行一段距离，严重受伤，最终活不过几个小时。”
Birds dying in large numbers in a smallgeographicarea tends to occur during peak migration periods in spring and fall. Weather conditions like opposing wind, rain and fog can make it difficult for birds toorientate themselves, in addition to light pollution from cities that can draw them in and trap them among deadly structures.
鸟类在小区域内大量死亡往往发生在春季和秋季的迁徙高峰期。像逆风、雨和雾等天气条件会使鸟类难以辨别方向，此外，城市的光污染也会吸引它们，将它们困在致命的建筑物中。
geographic
geographical /ˌdʒi.əˈɡræf.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“地理的；地理学的”，英文解释为“relating to geography, or to the geography of a particular area or place”如：a geographical region 地理区域。
orientate
orientate /ˈɔː.ri.ən.teɪt/ 表示“以…为目标；使面向；使适应”，英文解释为“to aim something at someone or something, or make something suitable for a particular group of people”举个🌰：It is essential that the public sector orientates itself more towards the consumer. 公共部门要更多地适应消费者，这是最基本的。
📍orientate yourself 表示“确定自己的位置，识别方向”，英文解释为“to discover your position in relation to what is around you”举个🌰：If you get lost while you are out walking, try to use the sun to orientate yourself. 如果你外出散步时迷了路，可试试靠太阳辨别方向。
“Anywhere you've got glass, you're gonna have birds hitting the windows,” said Bryan Lenz at the American BirdConservancy. Annually, up to a billion birds die due to collisions, and in the case of Chicago, the dead and injured birds were most likely flying from Canadaen routeto South and Central America.
美国鸟类保护协会（American Bird Conservancy）的布莱恩·伦茨（Bryan Lenz）说：“只要有玻璃的地方，就会有鸟类撞击。” 每年，多达十亿只鸟因碰撞而死，芝加哥这些死伤的鸟类很可能是在从加拿大飞往南美和中美的途中。
conservancy
conservancy /kənˈsɜː.vən.si/ 1）表示“（对自然资源的）保护，管理”，英文解释为“the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activity”举个🌰：He promotes healthy living and conservancy of the ocean. 他倡导健康生活和海洋保护。
2）表示“（自然资源）保护机构”，英文解释为“an organization whose aim is to protect natural areas or interesting and important places, and the animals and plants living in them”
en route
en route /ˌɒn ˈruːt/ 法语，表示“在途中；在路上”，英文解释为“on the way; while travelling from/to a particular place”，后接(from)...to...；for...，如：a plane en route for Hangzhou 在飞往杭州途中的飞机，举个🌰：The bus broke down en route from Shanghai to Hangzhou. 公共汽车在从上海到杭州的途中抛锚了。
Everywhere birds visit, they performessential ecosystemservices that have economic value and are necessary for the functioning of ecosystems. Following major wildfires like those in Canada, birds that return to burned areas candisperseseeds and aid forest landscape regeneration. Global increases in temperatures contribute to the increase in insect populations, and birds that feed on them can helpcurbthe issues thatposea threat for humans and food systems.
无论鸟类去哪里，都会为生态系统提供重要的服务，这些服务具有经济价值，也是生态系统运作所必需的。例如，加拿大发生重大火灾后，鸟类返回烧毁地区可以传播种子，助力森林景观恢复。全球气温升高导致昆虫数量增加，以昆虫为食的鸟类可以帮助解决对人类和食物系统构成威胁的问题。
essential
essential /ɪˈsen.ʃəl/ 作名词，表示“必需品；不可缺少的东西”，英文解释为“a basic thing that you cannot live without”举个🌰：When we go on holiday, we only take the bare essentials. 我们去度假时，只带一些最基本的必需品。
作形容词，表示“必要的，必不可少的”，英文解释为“necessary or needed”举个🌰：Government support will be essential if the project is to succeed. 这个项目能否成功，政府的支持至关重要。
ecosystem
ecosystem /ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm/ 表示“生态系统”，英文解释为“all the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment”举个🌰：Pollution can have disastrous effects on the delicately balanced ecosystem. 污染会对脆弱的生态平衡造成灾难性的破坏。
disperse
disperse /dɪˈspɜːs/ 表示“（使）扩散，（使）散开，（使）分散”，英文解释为“to spread across or move away over a large area, or to make something do this”举个🌰：When the rain came down the crowds started to disperse. 雨下来时人群开始四处散开。
curb
可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“控制，抑制，限定，约束（不好的事物）”，英文解释为“to control or limit sth, especially sth bad”举个🌰：A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. 为了抑制通货膨胀实施了一系列的政策。（名词）He called for much stricter curbs on immigration. 他呼吁对移民实行更为严格的限制。
pose
摆pose这个词大家应该都比较熟悉，作名词，表示“（为拍照、画像等摆出的）样子，姿势”，英文解释为“a particular position in which a person stands, sits, etc. in order to be photographed, painted, etc.”
而pose作动词，1）表示“摆好姿势（拍照）”，英文解释为“to move into and stay in a particular position, in order to be photographed, painted, etc.”举个🌰：We all posed for our photographs next to the Statue of Liberty. 我们都在自由女神像边摆好了姿势拍照。
2）表示“造成，引起（尤指问题或困难）”，英文解释为“to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty”举个🌰：Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone. 核武器对所有的人都构成了威胁。
3）表示“（尤指在正式场合）提出（问题），质询”，英文解释为“to ask a question, especially in a formal situation such as a meeting”举个🌰：Can we go back to the question that LR posed earlier? 我们能否回到LR早先提出的那个问题上去？
Of all cities in the US, Chicago's light pollution poses the greatest risk for migrating birds. Turning off building lights is one way to reducefatalities. A 2021 study done in McCormick Place, the same site of Thursday's bird deaths, found that shutting off half the lights in large buildings can reduce collisions by six to 11 times. McCormick Place is a participant of the Lights Out Chicago program, which has buildings voluntarily switch off ordimlights at night unless someone is inside.
在美国所有城市中，芝加哥的光污染对迁徙中的鸟类构成了最大的风险。关闭建筑物的灯光是减少死亡的一种方法。2021年在麦考密克会展中心进行的一项研究发现，关闭大型建筑物中一半的灯光可以减少6到11倍的碰撞事件。麦考密克会展中心参与了芝加哥熄灯计划（Lights Out Chicago program），该计划鼓励建筑物在晚上主动关闭或调暗灯光，除非有人在里面。
fatality
表示“（事故或暴力事件中的）死亡，死者”，英文解释为“a death caused by an accident or by violence, or someone who has died in either of these ways”举个🌰：There are thousands of traffic fatalities (= deaths in traffic accidents) every year. 每年因交通事故有数千人死亡。
dim
dim作动词，表示“（使）变暗，（使）亮度降低”，英文解释为“to (make something) become less bright”举个🌰：Someone dimmed the lights. 有人调低了灯的亮度。
作形容词，表示“光线暗的，暗淡的，昏暗的”，英文解释为“not giving or having much light”举个🌰：The lamp gave out a dim light. 那盏灯发出暗淡的光芒。
📍有一个表达叫take a dim view of sth，表示“不看好，不赞成”，英文解释为“to disapprove of something”举个🌰：I take a dim view of this kind of behaviour. 我不赞成这种行为。
“It is important to understand that there is an event going on at Lakeside Center [part of McCormick Place] this week, so, therefore, the lights have been on when occupied. Once the space is unoccupied, the lights have been turned off,” said a representative from McCormick Place.
麦考密克会展中心一名代表表示：“要知道，湖滨中心（Lakeside Center，麦考密克会展中心的一部分）本周正在举行一场活动，因此，当有人在场时，灯光一直是亮着的。一旦没有人，灯光就会被关闭。”
“It's a knownhazard, and yet we still can't see action being taken about it,” says Prince.
普林斯说：“这是一个已知的危险，但我们仍然看不到有人对此采取行动。”
hazard
hazard /ˈhæz.əd/表示“危险（物），危害（物）”，英文解释为“something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage”如：a fire/safety hazard 火灾/安全隐患，举个🌰：The busy traffic entrance was a hazard to pedestrians. 那个繁忙的车辆入口处对行人来说很不安全。
- 词汇盘点 -
collide、 migrate、 carcass、 convention、 the tip of an iceberg、 peak、 metropolitan、 songbird、 unravel、 geographic、 orientate、 conservancy、 en route、 essential、 ecosystem、 disperse、 curb、 pose、 fatality、 dim、 hazard
- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -
En route to a peak convention, a metropolitan conservancy team discovered a songbird carcass. It posed an essential hazard: fatality rates were just the tip of an iceberg. Colliding migratory patterns and dim ecosystems were unraveling, forcing birds to disperse and orientate geographically, curbing hazards.
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