眼睛一闭一睁，假期就过去了……
🤔️小作业：
1. According to the article, what traditional view of time is commonly held but challenged by recent scientific theories?
A) Time is a linear sequence that can be reversed.
B) Time is an illusion and does not exist.
C) Time passes at a consistent and measurable rate from past to future.
D) Time is a physical object that can be seen and touched.
2. What philosophical stance on time was shared by Aristotle and Marcus Aurelius according to historical references?
A) Time is a static entity. B) The present is continually changing.
C) Time is best understood through scientific experimentation.
D) Time can be controlled and manipulated.
无注释原文：
What we get wrong about time
From: BBC
“Time” is the most frequently used noun in the English language. We all know what it feels like as time passes. Our present becomes the past as soon as it’s happened; today soon turns into yesterday. If you live in a temperate climate, each year you see the seasons come and go. And as we reach adulthood and beyond, we become increasingly aware of the years flashing by.
Although neuroscientists have been unable to locate a single clock in brain that is responsible for detecting time passing, humans are surprisingly good at it. If someone tells us they’re arriving in five minutes, we have a rough idea of when to start to look out for them. We have a sense of the weeks and months passing by. As a result, most of us would say that how time functions is fairly obvious: it passes, at a consistent and measurable rate, in a specific direction – from past to future.
Of course, the human perspective of time may not be exclusively biological, but rather shaped by our culture and era. The Amondawa tribe in the Amazon, for example, has no word for “time” – which some say means they don’t have a notion of time as a framework in which events occur. (There are debates over whether this is purely a linguistic argument, or whether they really do perceive time differently.) Meanwhile, it’s hard to know with scientific precision how people conceived of time in the past, as experiments in time perception have only been conducted for the last 150 years.
What we do know is that Aristotle viewed the present as something continually changing and that by the year 160, the Roman emperor-philosopher Marcus Aurelius was describing time as a river of passing events. And in the West, at least, many would still identify with these ideas.
But physics tells a different story. However much time feels like something that flows in one direction, some scientists beg to differ.
In the last century, Albert Einstein’s discoveries exploded our concepts of time. He showed us that time is created by things; it wasn’t there waiting for those things to act within it. He demonstrated that time is relative, moving more slowly if an object is moving fast. Events don’t happen in a set order. There isn’t a single universal “now”, in the sense that Newtonian physics would have it.
It is true that many events in the Universe can be put into sequential order – but time is not always segmented neatly into the past, the present and the future. Some physical equations work in either direction.
A few theoretical physicists, such as the best-selling writer and physicist Carlo Rovelli take it even further, speculating that time neither flows, nor even exists. It is an illusion.
Of course, although some physicists propose that time does not exist, time perception – our sense of time – does. This is why the evidence from physics is at odds with how life feels. Our shared idea of what the concept of “future” or “past” mean may not apply to everything everywhere in the Universe, but it does reflect the reality of our lives here on Earth.
Like the Newtonian idea of absolute time, however, our belief in how time works for humans can also be misleading. And there may be a better approach.
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According to the article, what traditional view of time is comm…单选
A) Time is a linear sequence that can be reversed.
B) Time is an illusion and does not exist.
C) Time passes at a consistent and measurable rate from past …
D) Time is a physical object that can be seen and touched.
What philosophical stance on time was shared by Aristotle and …单选
A) Time is a static entity.
B) The present is continually changing.
C) Time is best understood through scientific experimentation.
D) Time can be controlled and manipulated.
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
What we get wrong about time
From: BBC
“Time” is the most frequently usednounin the English language. We all know what it feels like as time passes. Our present becomes the past as soon as it’s happened; today soon turns into yesterday. If you live in atemperateclimate, each year you see the seasons come and go. And as we reach adulthood and beyond, we become increasingly aware of the yearsflashingby.
“时间”是英语中使用频率最高的名词。我们都知道时光流逝是什么感觉。现在发生的事很快就变成了过去；今天转眼就变成了昨天。如果生活在温带气候，每年你都还能看到季节更替。随着我们长大成人，我们越来越意识到时光飞逝。
noun
noun /naʊn/ 表示“名词”，英文解释为“a word that refers to a person, place, thing, event, substance, or quality”
temperate
temperate /ˈtem.pər.ət/ 表示“（气候）温带的，温和的”，英文解释为“(of weather conditions) neither very hot nor very cold”如：a temperate climate 温带气候。
flash
flash /flæʃ/ 1）表示“（使）闪耀，（使）闪光”，英文解释为“to shine brightly and suddenly, or to make something shine in this way”举个🌰：Stop flashing that light in my eyes! 别拿那个手电筒晃我的眼睛了！
2）表示“（快速）出示，显示”，英文解释为“to show something for a short time”举个🌰：He flashed a smile and offered to buy me a drink. 他笑了一下，提出请我喝一杯。
3）表示“飞驰，掠过”，英文解释为“to move very fast”举个🌰：They flashed past/by on a motorcycle. 他们骑着摩托飞驰而过。
Althoughneuroscientistshave been unable to locate a single clock in brain that is responsible for detecting time passing, humans are surprisingly good at it. If someone tells us they’re arriving in five minutes, we have a rough idea of when to start to look out for them. We have a sense of the weeks and months passing by. As a result, most of us would say that how time functions is fairly obvious: it passes, at a consistent andmeasurablerate, in a specific direction – from past to future.
神经科学家一直无法确定大脑中哪个部位负责感知时间流逝，但人类特别擅长感知时间。如果有人说将在五分钟内到达，我们大概能估计什么时候他们就快到了。我们还有周复一周、月复一月的感觉。因此，大多数人会说，人类感知时间的能力是相当明显的：它以一致和可测量的速度，从过去到未来、沿着固定的方向流逝。
neuroscientist
neuroscientist /ˌnjʊə.rəʊˈsaɪ.ən.tɪst/ 表示“神经科学家”，英文解释为“a scientist who studies the nervous system and the brain”举个🌰：Neuroscientists are able to record the firing of a single nerve cell. 神经科学家能够记录单个神经元发出的信号。
measurable
measurable /ˈmeʒ.ər.ə.bəl/ 表示“可测量的;显著的”，英文解释为“able to be measured, or large enough to be noticed”举个🌰：The service produces clear, measurable benefits to people's health. 这项服务能显著增进人们的健康。
Of course, the humanperspectiveof time may not be exclusivelybiological, but rather shaped by our culture and era. The Amondawatribein the Amazon, for example, has no word for “time” – which some say means they don’t have a notion of time as a framework in which events occur. (There are debates over whether this is purely alinguisticargument, or whether they really doperceivetime differently.) Meanwhile, it’s hard to know with scientificprecisionhow peopleconceivedof time in the past, as experiments in time perception have only been conducted for the last 150 years.
当然，人类对时间的感觉可能不仅仅是生物学上的，也可能是由文化和时代所塑造的。例如，亚马逊地区的阿蒙达瓦（Amondawa）部落就没有“时间”这个词。有人说，这意味着他们没有时间的概念，没有一个事件发生的框架。关于这是否纯粹是语言学问题，或者他们是否以不同方式感知时间，尚存在争议。与此同时，我们很难用科学的方法精确地了解古代人们是如何构想时间的，因为关于时间感知的实验只进行了150年。
perspective
perspective /pəˈspek.tɪv/ 表示“（思考问题的）角度，观点，想法”，英文解释为“a particular way of considering something”举个🌰：Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject. 她的态度为这一问题提供了新的视角。
biological
biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ 1）表示“亲生的”，英文解释为“related by birth”举个🌰：She decided to search for her biological mother after her adoptive parents died. 在养父母去世后，她决定去寻找自己的生母。
2）表示“生物的；与生命过程有关的”，英文解释为“connected with the natural processes of living things”如：the biological sciences 生物科学。
tribe
tribe /traɪb/ 表示“部落；部族”，英文解释为“a group of people, often of related families, who live together, sharing the same language, culture, and history, especially those who do not live in towns or cities”如：a tribe of Amazonian Indians 亚马孙河流域印第安人的一个部落。
linguistic
linguistic /lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪk/ 表示“语言的；语言学的”，英文解释为“connected with language or the study of language”举个🌰：I'm particularly interested in the linguistic development of young children. 我对幼儿语言能力的发展尤其感兴趣。
perceive
perceive /pəˈsiːv/ 1）表示“感知，察觉，注意到，意识到”，英文解释为“to see something or someone, or to notice something that is obvious”举个🌰：He perceived a tiny figure in the distance. 他注意到远处有个很小的身影。
2）表示“认为；看待；视为”，英文解释为“to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something”举个🌰：How do the French perceive the British? 法国人是如何看待英国人的？
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述比特币的文章中提到：Scarcity is a trait of many things that are perceived to have value. 稀缺性正是许多被视为有价值的事物共有的特征。
precision
precision /prɪˈsɪʒ.ən/ 1）表示“准确（性），精确（性），精密（度）”，英文解释为“the quality of being exact”举个🌰：Great precision is required to align the mirrors accurately. 校准反光镜需要极高的精确性。
2）表示“严谨；细致，认真”，英文解释为“the qualities of being careful and accurate”举个🌰：His books are a pleasure to read because he writes with such clarity and precision. 他的书读起来赏心悦目，因为他的写作清晰而又严谨。
conceive
conceive /kənˈsiːv/ 1）conceive (of) sth (as sth)表示“想出（主意、计划等）；想象；构想；设想”，英文解释为“to form an idea, a plan, etc. in your mind; to imagine sth”举个🌰：God is often conceived of as male. 上帝常常被想象为男性。
2）另一个含义表示“怀孕；怀（胎）”，英文解释为“When a woman conceives or conceives a child , she becomes pregnant”。
🎬电影《云图》（Cloud Atlas）中的台词提到：One may transcend any convention, if only one can first conceive of doing so. 一个人可以打破任何陈规，只要这个人能首先想到这样做。
🎬电影《最后的维加斯》（Last Vegas）中的台词提到：My brain cannot conceive how old this body is. 我的脑袋没办法接受老去的躯体。
🎵歌曲《A Better Way》中就有这么一句歌词：I'll try 我会尝试 Try to believe it 尝试着去相信 Try to conceive it 尝试着去思索 By using your bone 循着你的脚步 There's gotta be a way to get out of here 我定会找到办法从此地脱困
📍well-conceived 表示“策划周密的，精心构思的”，ill-conceived /ˌɪl.kənˈsiːvd/ 表示“计划不周的；不明智的”，英文解释为“badly planned and unwise”举个🌰：The whole project was ill-conceived. 整个项目计划不周。
What we do know is that Aristotle viewed the present as something continually changing and that by the year 160, the Roman emperor-philosopher Marcus Aurelius was describing time as a river of passing events. And in the West, at least, many would still identify with these ideas.
我们所知道的是，亚里士多德认为，现在是一种不断变化的东西。公元160年，罗马帝国哲学家马可·奥勒留（Marcus Aurelius）把时间描述为一件件流逝的事件。至少在西方，许多人仍然认同这些观点。
But physics tells a different story. However much time feels like something that flows in one direction, some scientistsbeg to differ.
但是物理学有不同的解释。无论多少人感觉时间像是朝一个方向流动的东西，一些科学家却不认同。
beg to differ
I beg to differ/disagree 表示“（礼貌的说法）恐怕我难以苟同”，英文解释为“a way of saying "I do not agree" that is polite, but may sound unfriendly”
In the last century, Albert Einstein’s discoveriesexplodedour concepts of time. He showed us that time is created by things; it wasn’t there waiting for those things to act within it. Hedemonstratedthat time is relative, moving more slowly if an object is moving fast. Events don’t happen in a set order. There isn’t a single universal “now”, in the sense that Newtonian physics would have it.
上个世纪，爱因斯坦的发现打破了我们对时间的传统理解。他告诉我们时间是由事物创造的；不是在那里等着这些事物在时间里面发挥作用。爱因斯坦证明了时间是相对的，如果一个物体移动得快，时间的速度就会慢一些。事物不是按既定的顺序发生的。在牛顿物理学中，并不存在单一的普遍意义的“现在”。
explode
explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/ 1）通常表示“爆炸”，可以引申为表示“急剧扩大；激增，突增”，英文解释为“to increase very quickly”举个🌰：The population has exploded in the last ten years. 在过去10年中，人口激增。
2）表示“推翻；驳倒；破除”，英文解释为“to show something to be wrong”举个🌰：This book finally explodes some of the myths about the origin of the universe. 这本书最终推翻了一些关于宇宙起源的毫无根据的说法。
demonstrate
demonstrate /ˈdem.ən.streɪt/ 表示“显示；表明”，英文解释为“to show or make make something clear”举个🌰：Research has demonstrated that babies can recognize their mother's voice very soon after birth. 研究表明，婴儿出生后很快就能辨识母亲的声音。
It is true that many events in the Universe can be put intosequentialorder – but time is not alwayssegmentedneatly into the past, the present and the future. Some physicalequationswork in either direction.
的确，宇宙中的许多事件都可以按顺序排列，但时间并不总是被整齐地划分为过去、现在和未来。一些物理方程式的计算结果中，时间可以双向运动。
segment
segment /ˈseɡ.mənt/ 1）作名词，可以表示“（群体或事物的）部分，片，段；（柑橘、柠檬的）瓣；（圆的一部分）弓形”，举个🌰：She cleaned a small segment of the painting. 她擦干净了这幅画的一小部分。
2）表示“分割；划分”，英文解释为“to divide sth into different parts”举个🌰：Market researchers often segment the population on the basis of age and social class. 市场研究人员常常按年龄和社会阶层划分人口。
3）表示“（电视、广播或互联网节目的）节，段”，英文解释为“a short piece of film that forms part of a television or radio programme, or that is broadcast on the internet”举个🌰：CNN last week broadcast a segment on homicides in the city. CNN上周播出了有关这座城市凶杀状况节目的一段。
作动词，segment /ˈseɡ.mənt/ 表示“分离；分割”，英文解释为“to divide something into different parts”举个🌰：The market is segmented by price into three general categories. 根据价格将市场大体分为三类。
sequential
表示“按特定顺序的；连续的”，英文解释为“following a particular order”。
equation
equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ 表示“方程式；等式”，英文解释为“a mathematical statement in which you show that two amounts are equal using mathematical symbols”
A fewtheoreticalphysicists, such as the best-selling writer and physicist Carlo Rovelli take it even further,speculatingthat time neither flows, nor even exists. It is anillusion.
一些理论物理学家，比如畅销书作家和物理学家卡洛·罗维里（Carlo Rovelli）甚至更进一步，推测时间既不流动，也不存在。这只是一种幻觉。
theoretical
theoretical /θɪəˈret.ɪ.kəl/表示“理论上的；纯理论的”，英文解释为“based on the ideas that relate to a subject, not the practical uses of that subject”如：theoretical physics 理论物理。
speculate
speculate /ˈspek.jə.leɪt/ 表示“推测；猜测；推断”，英文解释为“to form an opinion about sth without knowing all the details or facts”举个🌰：We all speculated about the reasons for her resignation. 我们大家都推测过她辞职的原因。
📺美剧《24小时》（24 Hours）中的台词提到：I wouldn't want to speculate at this time, 这次我不想妄加揣测。
illusion
illusion /ɪˈluː.ʒən/ 表示“错误的观念；幻想；假象，错觉”，英文解释为“a false idea or belief, especially about sb or about a situation”举个🌰：I have no illusions about her feelings for me. 我对她跟我的感情不抱什么幻想。
Of course, although some physicists propose that time does not exist, time perception – our sense of time – does. This is why the evidence from physics isat odds withhow life feels. Our shared idea of what the concept of “future” or “past” mean may not apply to everything everywhere in the Universe, but it does reflect the reality of our lives here on Earth.
当然，尽管一些物理学家认为时间不存在，但我们的时间感确实存在。这就是为什么物理学的证据与生命的感觉不一致。人类对“未来”或“过去”的共同理解可能并不适用于宇宙中的其它地方，但确实反映了地球上的现实生活。
at odds
be at odds 表示“与…不合;与…意见不一致;与…相矛盾”，英文解释为“to disagree”举个🌰：They're at odds over the funding of the project. 他们在向该项计划提供资金方面存在分歧。
Like the Newtonian idea of absolute time, however, our belief in how time works for humans can also be misleading. And there may be a better approach.
然而，就像牛顿的时间绝对论，时间如何影响人类，大众的理念也可能是错的。也许有更好的方法去理解。
- 词汇盘点 -
noun、 temperate、 flash、 neuroscientist、 measurable、 perspective、 biological、 tribe、 linguistic、 perceive、 precision、 conceive、 beg to differ、 explode、 demonstrate、 segment、 sequential、 equation、 theoretical、 speculate、 illusion、 at odds
- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -
A neuroscientist explores how tribes with temperate languages perceive nouns. Her biological perspective shows measurable precision, exploding the theoretical illusion that linguistic sequences are just theoretical constructs. She speculates, demonstrating through segments and equations, that while some beg to differ, perceptions aren't always at odds with reality.
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