今天考「专八」了。据说本次2024年4月13日英语专业八级涉及到的考生年级有2016级、2017级、2018级、2019级、2020级。
低情商：专八考试
高情商：英专生五世同堂聚会、独属英专生的春运
听说今年作文是让上了N年网课的大学生们锐评网课，借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们就来看看网课相关话题吧。
🤔️小作业：
1. What is the general sentiment expressed by educators about the shift to online education during the pandemic?
A) They view it as a temporary and imperfect solution.
B) They believe it will completely replace traditional classrooms.
C) They consider it superior to in-person education.
D) They feel unprepared and unwilling to adapt.
2. Which of the following best describes the typical setup of the emergency online classes mentioned in the article?
A) Classes are fully interactive with advanced digital tools.
B) Classes consist of pre-recorded lectures and automated assessments.
C) Classes involve simple, direct videoconferencing without sophisticated infrastructure.
D) Classes are asynchronous with students studying at different times.
无注释原文：
Will the Coronavirus Forever Alter the College Experience?
From: The New York Times
A professor at Loyola University New Orleans taught his first virtual class from his courtyard, wearing a bathrobe and sipping from a glass of wine. Faculty at Lafayette College, in Easton, Penn., trained in making document cameras at home using cardboard and rubber bands.
The disruption caused by the coronavirus pandemic has prompted cobbled-together responses ranging from the absurd to the ingenious at colleges and universities struggling to continue teaching even as their students have receded into diminutive images, in dire need of haircuts, on videoconference checkerboards.
But while all of this is widely being referred to as online higher education, that’s not really what most of it is, at least so far. As for predictions that it will trigger a permanent exodus from brick-and-mortar campuses to virtual classrooms, all indications are that it probably won’t.
“What we are talking about when we talk about online education is using digital technologies to transform the learning experience,” said Vijay Govindarajan, a professor at Dartmouth’s Tuck School of Business. “That is not what is happening right now.”
There will be some important lasting impacts, though, experts say: Faculty may incorporate online tools, to which many are being exposed for the first time, into their conventional classes. And students are experiencing a flexible type of learning they may not like as undergraduates, but could return to when it’s time to get a graduate degree.
These trends may not transform higher education, but they are likely to accelerate the integration of technology into it.
This semester “has the potential to raise expectations of using these online resources to complement what we were doing before, in an evolutionary way, not a revolutionary way,” said Eric Fredericksen, associate vice president for online learning at the University of Rochester. “That’s the more permanent impact.”
Real online education lets students move at their own pace and includes such features as continual assessments so they can jump ahead as soon as they’ve mastered a skill, Dr. Fredericksen and others said.
Conceiving, planning, designing and developing a genuine online course or program can consume as much as a year of faculty training and collaboration with instructional designers, and often requires student orientation and support and a complex technological infrastructure.
If anything, what people are mistaking now for online education — long class meetings in videoconference rooms, professors in their bathrobes, do-it-yourself tools made of rubber bands and cardboard — appears to be making them less, not more, open to it.
“The pessimistic view is that [students] are going to hate it and never want to do this again, because all they’re doing is using Zoom to reproduce everything that’s wrong with traditional passive, teacher-centered modes of teaching,” said Bill Cope, a professor of education policy, organization and leadership at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Will the Coronavirus Forever Alter the College Experience?
From: The New York Times
A professor at Loyola University New Orleans taught his first virtual class from hiscourtyard, wearing abathrobeandsippingfrom a glass of wine.Facultyat Lafayette College, in Easton, Penn., trained in making document cameras at home using cardboard andrubber bands.
新奥尔良洛约拉大学（Loyola University New Orleans）的一位教授从自家院子里讲授了他的第一节网课，他穿着浴袍，时不时抿一口葡萄酒。宾州伊斯顿拉法耶特学院（Lafayette College）的教员们接受了如何用硬纸板和橡皮筋在家里制作实物投影机的训练。
courtyard
courtyard /ˈkɔːt.jɑːd/ 表示“庭院，院子”，英文解释为“an area of flat ground outside that is partly or completely surrounded by the walls of a building”
bathrobe
bathrobe /ˈbɑːθ.rəʊb/ 表示“浴衣，浴袍”，英文解释为“a loose piece of clothing like a coat, usually made of thick towelling material, worn informally inside the house, especially before or after a bath”
sip
sip /sɪp/ 作名词，表示“一小口（饮料）”，英文解释为“a very small amount of a drink that you take into your mouth”如：to have/take a sip of water 喝一小口水。
作动词，表示“呷，啜”，英文解释为“to drink, taking only a very small amount at a time”举个🌰：This tea is very hot, so sip it carefully. 这茶很烫，喝的时候小心点。
faculty
faculty /ˈfæk.əl.ti/ 1）表示“官能，机能”，英文解释为“a natural ability to hear, see, think, move, etc.”举个🌰：Even at the age of 100, she still had all her faculties. 甚至在百岁高龄时，她的一切身体机能仍然保持正常。
2）表示“能力，才能”，英文解释为“a special ability to do a particular thing”举个🌰：She has a faculty for inspiring confidence in people. 她具有激发他人信心的能力。
3）美式，表示“（高等院校中院系的）全体教师”，英文解释为“the people who teach in a department in a college”举个🌰：He has been a faculty member at the college for 20 years. 他在学院任教已有20年。
rubber band
rubber band /ˌrʌb.ə ˈbænd/ 表示“橡皮圈，橡皮筋”，英文解释为“a thin ring of rubber used for holding things together”举个🌰：She put a rubber band around the box. 她在盒子上套了一个橡皮筋。
The disruption caused by the coronaviruspandemichasprompted cobbled-togetherresponses ranging from theabsurdto theingeniousat colleges and universities struggling to continue teaching even as their students haverecededintodiminutiveimages, indireneed of haircuts, on videoconferencecheckerboards.
新冠疫情打乱了高校的教学活动，迫使各个高校匆忙应对，或荒谬或巧妙，努力将教学继续下去，尽管学生们都已退缩为视频会议屏幕上格子里的小图，而且急需理发。
pandemic
韦氏词典2020年度词汇：Pandemic. pandemic /pænˈdem.ɪk/ 1）作名词，表示“（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病”，英文解释为“a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world”；
2）作形容词，表示“（疾病）大规模流行的，广泛蔓延的”，英文解释为“(of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants”举个🌰：In some parts of the world malaria is still pandemic. 在世界上一些地区疟疾仍在大规模流行。
对比：
📍epidemic表示“流行病”，英文解释为“a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community”，如：the outbreak of a flu epidemic 流感的爆发。
prompt
prompt /prɒmpt/ 作名词，1）表示“（计算机屏幕上的）提示符（显示计算机已经准备好接受指令）”，英文解释为“a sign on a computer screen that shows that the computer is ready to receive your instructions”
📍在ChatGPT火热的今天，prompt通常指的是给模型的输入，用来激发或引导模型生成特定的输出或回答。简而言之，prompt是指用户提供给语言模型的一段文字或命令，以便模型据此理解用户的需求并给出相应的响应或信息。例如，在与像ChatGPT这样的大语言模型交互时，用户提出的问题或指令就是一个“prompt”。模型会根据这个prompt的内容分析、处理并生成回答或执行相关的任务。Prompt对于大语言模型来说是非常关键的，因为它直接决定了模型如何理解和回应用户的需求。
📍prompt中文里有译为“提示词”，prompt engineering 就是“提示工程/提示词工程”。
2）表示“（给演员的）提词，提白”，英文解释为“words that are spoken to an actor who has forgotten what he or she is going to say during the performance of a play”
3）作动词，表示“促使；导致；激起”，英文解释为“to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen”举个🌰：His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd. 他的讲话激起了人群中一男子的愤怒。
📺美剧《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》（Spartacus: Blood and Sand）中的台词提到：One cannot but wonder what would prompt such an act 不知他们为何遭此不幸。
4）作动词，表示“（尤指）给（演员）提词”，英文解释为“to help someone, especially an actor, to remember what they were going to say or do”举个🌰：I forgot my line and had to be prompted. 我忘词了，只好让人提词。
cobbled-together
cobble sth together 表示“粗制滥造；东拼西凑；匆匆拼凑”，英文解释为“to do or make something quickly and not very carefully”举个🌰：I just had to cobble this meal together from what I had in the fridge. 我只得用冰箱里现成的东西凑合这顿饭。
cobbled-together 作形容词，用来描述快速或临时拼凑起来的解决方案，通常这些方案是在没有足够时间或资源准备的情况下制定的。
absurd
absurd /əbˈsɜːd, -ˈzɜːd/ 表示“荒谬的；荒唐的；怪诞不经的”，英文解释为“completely ridiculous; not logical and sensible ”举个🌰：Of course it's not true, what an absurd idea. 那当然不合乎事实，这个想法太荒唐了！
ingenious
ingenious /ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs/ 表示“（人）灵巧的；（物品等）制作精巧的；（方法等）巧妙的”，英文解释为“(of a person) very intelligent and skilful, or (of a thing) skilfully made or planned and involving new ideas and methods”如：an ingenious idea/method/solution 巧妙的主意/方法/解决办法。
recede
recede /rɪˈsiːd/ 表示“逐渐远离；变得模糊，逐渐淡漠”，英文解释为“to move further away into the distance, or to become less clear or less bright”举个🌰：As the boat picked up speed, the coastline receded into the distance until finally it became invisible. 船越开越快，海岸线渐渐远去，直至最后从视线中消失。
diminutive
diminutive /dɪˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ 表示“微小的，矮小的”，英文解释为“very small”
dire
dire /daɪər/ 表示“严重的；危急的；极端的”，英文解释为“very serious or extreme”，如：living in dire poverty 生活赤贫，dire warnings/threats 严重的警告/威胁，举个🌰：These people are in dire need of help. 这些人急需援助。
📍这个词来自拉丁语“dirus”，意味着“可怕的”。用来形容“极其严重的”或“可怕的”情况。想象一个国家急需食物和医疗用品的情况。近义词：grave（严重的），常用短语：dire consequences（严重后果）
checkerboard
checkerboard /ˈtʃek.ə.bɔː.d/ 1）表示“棋盘式图案，方格图案（黑色和浅色正方形相间图案，类似西洋跳棋棋盘）”，英文解释为“a pattern of dark and light squares like the one on a board used for playing draughts”如：a checkerboard of black and white tiles in the entrance hall 门厅地上的黑白棋盘式地砖图案。
2）表示“性质迥异事物的共存，纵横交错的分布”，英文解释为“an area or thing made up of several separate things with different features”如：a checkerboard of private and public land 私人和公共土地纵横交错分布。
But while all of this is widely being referred to as online higher education, that's not really what most of it is, at least so far. As for predictions that it willtriggera permanentexodusfrombrick-and-mortarcampuses to virtual classrooms, all indications are that it probably won't.
虽然所有这一切都被广泛地称为在线高等教育，但其中的大部分至少到目前为止并不能算作在线高等教育。至于那些称这将引发从实体校园到虚拟教室永久性转移的预测，所有迹象都表明那恐怕不会发生。
trigger
trigger /ˈtrɪɡ.ər/ 1）作动词，除了表示“发动；引起；触发”，英文解释为“to make sth happen suddenly”举个🌰：Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction. 坚果可以引起严重的过敏反应。
2）作名词，表示“扳机”，英文解释为“The trigger of a gun is a small lever which you pull to fire it.”举个🌰：A man pointed a gun at them and pulled the trigger. 一个男人用枪指着他们，扣动了扳机。
类似的还有：
📍stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”举个🌰：The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination. 这首诗能够激发起想象力。
📍provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。
📍spur 鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。
🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。
exodus
exodus /ˈek.sə.dəs/ 1）表示“（大批人的）退出，离开”，英文解释为“the movement of a lot of people from a place”举个🌰：There has been a mass exodus of workers from the villages to the towns. 一直有大量工人源源不断从农村涌入城市。
2）Exodus大写时表示“《出埃及记》（基督教《圣经‧旧约》第二卷，记载摩西率领以色列人离开埃及之事）”，英文解释为“the second book of the Bible telling of Moses and the journey of the Israelites out of Egypt”
brick-and-mortar
brick-and-mortar /ˌbrɪk.ənˈmɔː.tər/ 表示“（商店等）实体的”，英文解释为“existing as a physical building, especially a shop, rather than doing business only on the internet”如：a brick-and-mortar retailer 实体零售店，brick-and-mortar bookstores 实体书店。
“What we are talking about when we talk about online education is using digital technologies to transform the learning experience,” said Vijay Govindarajan, a professor at Dartmouth's Tuck School of Business. “That is not what is happening right now.”
“我们所说的在线教育，是指使用数字技术来改变学习经历，”达特茅斯大学塔克商学院（Dartmouth's Tuck School of Business）教授维贾伊·戈文达拉扬（Vijay Govindarajan）说。“眼下并非如此。”
There will be some important lasting impacts, though, experts say: Faculty mayincorporateonline tools, to which many are beingexposedfor the first time, into theirconventionalclasses. And students are experiencing a flexible type of learning they may not like as undergraduates, but could return to when it's time to get a graduate degree.
不过，专家们说，这将产生一些重要且持久的影响：教师们可能会将在线工具结合到他们的传统课堂中来，他们中的许多人是第一次接触这些工具。学生们正在经历一种灵活的学习方式，他们在本科生阶段可能不喜欢这种方式，但在他们读研究生时，可能会回到这种方式上来。
incorporate
incorporate /ɪnˈkɔː.pər.eɪt/ 1）表示“包含；将…包括在内”，英文解释为“If one thing incorporates another thing, it includes the other thing.”举个🌰：The new cars will incorporate a number of major improvements. 这种新型汽车将包含许多重大的改进。
2）表示“使并入”，英文解释为“If someone or something is incorporated into a large group, system, or area, they become a part of it.”
🎬电影《草叶》（Leaves of Grass）中的台词提到：We've been wanting to incorporate more philosophy into the curriculum. 我们一直很想在课程中增加更多的哲学课程。
expose
expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ 1）表示“暴露；露出；使曝光”，英文解释为“to remove what is covering something so that it can be seen”举个🌰：The plaster on the walls has been removed to expose the original bricks underneath. 墙上的灰泥已被除去，露出了里面原本的墙砖。
2）expose sb to sth 表示“使…遭受（有害或不快的遭遇）；使…暴露于（险境）；使接触；使体验”，英文解释为“to make it likely that someone will experience something harmful or unpleasant”举个🌰：About 800,000 children are exposed to poisons each year. 每年有大约80万儿童中毒。
conventional
conventional /kənˈven.ʃən.əl/ 表示“传统的；常规的；普通的”，英文解释为“traditional and ordinary”如：conventional behaviour 传统行为，conventional clothes 传统服装。
These trends may not transform higher education, but they are likely to accelerate theintegrationof technology into it.
这些趋势可能不会改变高等教育的形态，但可能会加快将技术与高等教育结合的速度。
integration
integration /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/ 表示“整合，融合”，英文解释为“the action or process of combining two or more things in an effective way”举个🌰：He creates a seamless integration of contemporary and historic images. 他完成了当代和历史图像的无缝整合。
Thissemester“has the potential to raise expectations of using these online resources tocomplementwhat we were doing before, in anevolutionaryway, not arevolutionaryway,” said Eric Fredericksen, associate vice president for online learning at the University of Rochester. “That's the more permanent impact.”
这个学期“有可能会提高一种期望，那就是我们将用这些在线资源来补充我们之前所做的工作，但这会是一种渐进的方式，而不是革命的方式，”罗切斯特大学（University of Rochester）负责在线学习的副校长埃里克·弗雷德里克森（Eric Fredericksen）说。“这是更持久的影响。”
semester
semester /sɪˈmes.tər/ 表示“（尤指美国和澳大利亚大学的）学期”，英文解释为“one of the periods into which a year is divided at a college or university, especially in the US and Australia”如：the first/second semester 第一/第二学期，the spring/fall semester 春季/秋季学期。
complement
complement /ˈkɒm.plɪ.ment/ 表示“补充；补足；使完善；：为…增色”，英文解释为“to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it”举个🌰：Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly. 草莓加奶油相得益彰。
📍区分：
compliment 可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“赞美；称赞；钦佩”，英文解释为“to tell sb that you like or admire sth they have done, their appearance, etc.”举个🌰：She complimented him on his excellent German. 她夸奖他德语棒极了。
evolutionary
evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ər.i/ 1）表示“进化的”，英文解释为“relating to the way in which living things develop over millions of years”
2）表示“演变的；逐步发展的”，英文解释为“involving a gradual process of change and development”举个🌰：The change has been evolutionary rather than revolutionary. 这种变革是渐进的，而不是革命性的。
revolutionary
revolutionary /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i/ 表示“革命的，革命性的”，英文解释为“involved in or relating to a revolution”
Real online education lets students move at their own pace and includes such features as continual assessments so they can jump ahead as soon as they've mastered a skill, Dr. Fredericksen and others said.
弗雷德里克森及其他人说，真正的在线教育是让学生按照自己的节奏学习，并提供对学生进行连续评估的功能，这样他们在掌握了一项技能后，能尽早迈出下一步。
Conceiving, planning, designing and developing a genuine online course or program can consume as much as a year of faculty training and collaboration with instructional designers, and often requires studentorientationand support and a complex technologicalinfrastructure.
构思、规划、设计和发展一个真正的在线课程或项目可能需要长达一年的时间，包括教师的培训以及与教学设计师的合作，而且往往需要学生的训练和支持，以及复杂的技术基础设施。
conceive
conceive /kənˈsiːv/ 1）conceive (of) sth (as sth)表示“想出（主意、计划等）；想象；构想；设想”，英文解释为“to form an idea, a plan, etc. in your mind; to imagine sth”举个🌰：God is often conceived of as male. 上帝常常被想象为男性。
2）另一个含义表示“怀孕；怀（胎）”，英文解释为“When a woman conceives or conceives a child, she becomes pregnant”
🎬电影《云图》（Cloud Atlas）中的台词提到：One may transcend any convention, if only one can first conceive of doing so. 一个人可以打破任何陈规，只要这个人能首先想到这样做。
🎬电影《最后的维加斯》（Last Vegas）中的台词提到：My brain cannot conceive how old this body is. 我的脑袋没办法接受老去的躯体。
🎵歌曲《A Better Way》中就有这么一句歌词：I'll try 我会尝试 Try to believe it 尝试着去相信 Try to conceive it 尝试着去思索 By using your bone 循着你的脚步 There's gotta be a way to get out of here 我定会找到办法从此地脱困
📍well-conceived 表示“策划周密的，精心构思的”，ill-conceived /ˌɪl.kənˈsiːvd/ 表示“计划不周的；不明智的”，英文解释为“badly planned and unwise”举个🌰：The whole project was ill-conceived. 整个项目计划不周。
orientation
orientation /ˌɔː.ri.enˈteɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“（某人的）特别喜好，价值取向，信仰观念”，英文解释为“the particular things that a person prefers, believes, thinks, or usually does”
2）表示“兴趣；取向；目标”，英文解释为“the particular interests, activities, or aims of an organization or business”如：the company's new eco-friendly orientation 公司保护生态环境的新定位。
3）表示“（对新工作、新活动的）培训，准备”，英文解释为“training or preparation for a new job or activity”举个🌰：The department has arranged an orientation session. 这个部门安排了一次岗前培训。
4）表示“安排；方向”，英文解释为“arrangement or direction”举个🌰：The building has an east-west orientation (= it is built on a line between east and west). 这幢大楼是东西向的。
📍2024年政府工作报告Part 8提到：增强宏观政策取向一致性。We should enhance the consistency of macro policyorientation.
infrastructure
infrastructure /ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/ 表示“基础设施”，英文解释为“the basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively”举个🌰：The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure. 战争严重破坏了该国的基础设施。
If anything, what people are mistaking now for online education — long class meetings in videoconference rooms, professors in their bathrobes, do-it-yourself tools made of rubber bands and cardboard — appears to be making them less, not more, open to it.
如果一定要把人们现在误以为是在线教育的东西——视频会议室里漫长的课时、穿浴袍的教授、用橡皮筋和硬纸板自己动手做的工具——说成是在线教育的话，这似乎会降低人们对在线教育的接受程度，而不是提高。
“Thepessimisticview is that [students] are going to hate it and never want to do this again, because all they're doing is using Zoom to reproduce everything that's wrong with traditional passive, teacher-centered modes of teaching,” said Bill Cope, a professor of education policy, organization and leadership at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
“悲观的看法是，（学生们）正在讨厌它，绝不想再上网课，因为他们正在做的所有事情只不过是把被动的、以教师为中心的传统教学模式中所有的错误用Zoom复制出来而已，”伊利诺伊大学香槟分校（University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign）的教育政策、组织和领导力教授比尔·科佩（Bill Cope）说。
pessimistic
pessimistic /ˌpes.ɪˈmɪs.tɪk/ 表示“悲观的”，英文解释为“thinking that bad things are more likely to happen or emphasizing the bad part of a situation”举个🌰：The tone of the meeting was very pessimistic. 会议的气氛非常悲观。
- END -
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2024年4月14日
第3354天
每天持续行动学外语
